The 14 major allergens are a group of common ingredients and foods that can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. In many countries, food establishments are required to clearly label these allergens to ensure consumer safety. Here’s a breakdown of each:

Cereals containing gluten:

Found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Gluten intolerance, including celiac disease, can cause digestive issues, fatigue, and other symptoms.

Crustaceans:

Includes shellfish like crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp. Crustacean allergies can trigger reactions ranging from mild skin rashes to severe anaphylaxis.

Eggs:

Egg allergies are common, particularly in children. Reactions can include digestive discomfort, skin irritation, and respiratory issues.

Fish:

Fish allergies, particularly to oily fish such as salmon or tuna, can cause severe allergic responses. It’s essential to note that fish and shellfish allergies are distinct from each other.

Peanuts:

One of the most common and severe allergens, peanut allergies can lead to anaphylaxis, requiring immediate medical attention.

Soybeans:

Often found in processed foods and soy-based products. Soy allergies are common in infants and can cause digestive and respiratory issues.

Milk:

Dairy allergies, particularly to cow's milk, can result in digestive problems, skin reactions, or respiratory symptoms.

Nuts:

Tree nuts such as almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, and cashews can trigger severe allergic reactions. These differ from peanut allergies, as peanuts are legumes.

Celery:

Found in various forms such as raw, cooked, or as a spice, celery allergies can cause oral allergy syndrome or more severe reactions.

Mustard:

Mustard allergies are less common but can cause anaphylaxis or skin irritation when consumed or applied to the skin.

Sesame seeds:

Sesame is found in oils, seeds, and many processed foods. Sesame allergies can cause mild to severe reactions, including anaphylaxis.

Sulphur dioxide (sulphites):

Commonly used as a preservative in dried fruits, wines, and processed foods. Sulphites can trigger respiratory symptoms, particularly in people with asthma.

Lupin:

Found in some flour and baked goods, lupin allergies can be severe, though it is less commonly known in some countries.

Molluscs:

Includes shellfish such as mussels, squid, oysters, and snails. Mollusc allergies can cause symptoms ranging from digestive upset to severe anaphylactic reactions.